In the united states the 5-year survival rate for cancer overall is currently health quizlet8/26/2023 And that proportion increases to 14% and 32% in younger and middle-aged adults, then drops back to 22% in adults age 65 and over. Percent distribution of five leading causes of death, by age group: United States, preliminary 2010 In the meantime, however, once you get into disease-related deaths, what you see is that cancer is the #1 cause of death in children and young adults, accounting for 7% of all deaths in that age group. We will start to talk about some of those in later lessons. What's striking is how many external causes are to blame for many deaths in children through young adults-unintentional injuries, homicides, and suicides, in particular. What do we know about children and cancer? You may remember this figure from Lesson 1 that shows the Leading Causes of Death for 4 age groups: 1-24 year, 25-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65 and above. How much control do children have over their protective health behaviors? Knowing something about the type of control kids might have regarding their health behaviors may suggest that childhood cancers are different from adult cancers.and, in fact, they appear to be. Cancer Prevention The NCI says that about 1 in 3 cases of cancer in all age groups are preventable in the first place by following recommended protective health behaviors, such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising, drinking responsibly, not smoking, wearing sunscreen, getting vaccines, and so on: Source: World Health Organization, World Cancer Research Fund Keep these in mind when we start to think about how these protective behaviors might relate to infants and children, either directly in what they do or don't do themselves, or indirectly through their parents. Very few of these, however, are also found in children, which we'll talk more about in a little bit. This slide from the National Cancer Institute shows the sites of many of the more common cancers that people have, mostly as adults. For example, cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer and cancer that begins in melanoctyes of the skin is called melanoma. Most cancers are named for the organ or type of cell in which they start. Different Kinds of Cancer Cancer is not just one disease but as many as 100 diseases or more. The abnormal tissue growths or tumors can be: Benign (not cancer), where the growths are not life-threatening, don't invade surrounding tissues or spread, and can usually be removed and rarely grow back or they can be Malignant (which is when they're called cancer), where the growths can be life-threatening, can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other organs (a process called metastasis), and can often be removed but sometimes grow back. Sometimes extra cells grow without dying or replacing and, in turn, then form masses of tissue known as growths or tumors. In cancer, the cells grow uncontrollably. You probably know that when normal cells in a body grow old or become damaged, they either die off or get replaced by a process called apoptosis. What is Cancer? According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health, cancer is a term used for more than 100 different diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues.
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